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Symptoms

Nowadays, almost 50% of men between 40 and 60 suffer from prostate enlargement, a benign swelling of the prostate gland (benign prostatic hyperplasia = BPH

). The symptoms caused by this widespread disease affect the emptying of the bladder, i.e., urinating.

These symptoms are clear indicators for an enlarged prostate:

frequent need to pass urine, especially at night (nocturia ) with
sleep interruption, sleep disturbances and lack of sleep
the sudden need to pass urine urgently
involuntary urination (incontinence)
passing urine only possible by straining and pressing
pain or burning when passing urine
the feeling that your bladder is not empty after urination, urinary retention
a weak stream, dribbling

Loss of personal freedom...
Lots of men complain that changes have occurred to their way of life

due to these symptoms:
they avoid travelling
they only use stalls at public toilets instead of urinals
they no longer like wearing light-coloured trousers or
no longer enjoy going on long walks
they no longer take strolls through the city
business people fear long conferences

Advanced Stage

The advanced stage of BPH is accompanied by so-called urinary retention

. Due to a weak stream, the bladder cannot be emptied completely and urine remains in the bladder, sometimes as much as several 100 ml. There is a constant sensation of a full bladder; the continual urge to urinate causes the affected person suffering day and night; at times, with constant, involuntary urination (overflow incontinence

). The residual urine

remaining in the bladder is an ideal medium for bacteria, which can cause painful infections of the bladder or prostate. These infections can be accompanied by pain when passing urine - and can lead to fever and chills. Bladder stones can form in the retained urine.

Complete blockage of the urine flow can lead to so-called acute urinary retention

. Despite a feeling of urgency no urine can be passed. The result is a very painful stretching of the bladder. This type of urinary retention must be treated immediately by a doctor. The urine can be emptied with the help of a catheter, which is placed in the bladder through the urethra (transurethral catheter

) or with a so-called stomach catheter. Under a local anaesthetic, the catheter is placed in the bladder through the lower abdominal wall (suprapubic catheter

). If the blocked urine reaches the kidneys it can lead to sever kidney damage and to kidney failure and cause life threatening uraemia.

Urine retention can occur during any stage of BPH. The transitions between each stage are blurred. The listed symptoms can remain stable for a period of time or even disappear spontaneously during the beginning stage.